文明的对话与青年使|保加利亚前总统普列夫内利耶夫山东外事职业大学演讲摘编

3月18日至20日，保加利亚前总统罗森·普列夫内利耶夫（Rosen Plevneliev）一行莅临山东外事职业大学访问。期间，普列夫内利耶夫前总统为全校师生作了题为《文明的对话与青年使命——在变局中共建中保友谊新未来》的专题报告，阐述了对“智慧领导力”与“持久和平”的深刻思考。为飨读者，现将报告摘编予以发布。

Dialogue Among Civilizations and the Mission of Youth： Building a New Future of China-Bulgaria Relationship Amidst Changes

文明的对话与青年使命——在变局中共建中保友谊新未来

Your excellencies， gentlemen， professors， teachers， students， and friends， 

尊敬的各位阁下、先生们、教授们、教师们、同学们及朋友们：

It is a great honor for me to come to my wonderful university， Shandong Vocational University of Foreign Affairs。 Thank you for your trust， thank you for making me one of you at Shandong Vocational University of Foreign Affairs。 Thank you that I can say in the future that we are a family， we are together。 Here， what I promise to all of you is that I will come back， I will be a good professor， I will invite more global leaders here。 Together， we will launch deeper cooperation between Bulgaria and China， and even globally。 

非常荣幸能来到这所卓越的学府——山东外事职业大学。感谢大家的信任，让我有幸成为山外大大家庭中的一员。日后，我可以骄傲地说，我们属于同一个大家庭，彼此紧密相连，对此我深表感激。在此，我向大家郑重承诺：我一定还会回到这里，成为一名优秀的教授；我还要邀请更多国家的元首来到这里，让我们共同推动保加利亚与中国、乃至全球范围内更深层次的合作！

Today， I come here with a very simple message to all of you。 That is as the president of Bulgaria elected by all the people in Bulgaria， and as the president representing people both in Bulgaria， and in Europe， I come to tell you how much we in Bulgaria love and respect people of China， and how much we know that you have been working hard， you have been building， and you have been modernizing。 And for next 20， 30 years and also for the last 20， 30 years， we in Bulgaria and Europe look at China as an example。 You are an example of how a country can modernize， how a country can make a huge progress， how a country can cultivate many well-educated， ambitious young people， and what they can do for addressing global challenges。 

今天，我给诸位带来了一个非常明确的讯息。作为保加利亚人民选举出的总统，我不仅代表保加利亚，也代表欧洲人民在此发声：我们保加利亚人民对中国人民怀有深深的敬意与热爱。我们深知，中国始终在不懈奋斗，致力于建设国家、推进现代化。无论是在过去的二三十年，还是在未来的二三十年，保加利亚乃至整个欧洲，始终将中国视为一个典范——一个实现国家现代化的典范，一个取得巨大进步的典范，一个培养出大批受过良好教育且志存高远的青年人才的典范，更是一个为解决全球性问题贡献力量的大国典范。

When I met President Xi Jinping in 2014， we lifted our relationship to strategic partnership。 Since then， we have worked together on very many initiatives。 On 16+1， Bulgaria is one of the first to join when I was the president。 On the Belt and Road Initiative， Bulgaria is also one of the first to respond。 I am so proud to be join and promote these initiatives as president because we share the same values。 We advocate for sharing this world rather than dividing it； we advocate for sharing the global economy so that the dividends of development benefit everyone。 We believe in win-win cooperation， and we work for that。 We believe in a good global relationship， and we work for that。 We believe in global institutions for peace， for friendship， and we work together for that。 So， whenever I stand in front of my Chinese friends， I would repeat those things。 It is not just because I am a politician， I was a president， but because I speak from my heart， I believe in those things， and China does too。 

2014年，我与习近平主席会晤，共同将两国关系提升至战略伙伴关系。此后，我们在众多倡议上携手合作。任内，保加利亚不仅是首批加入‘16+1合作’机制的国家，也是最早响应‘一带一路’倡议的国家之一。能亲自参与并推动这些进程，我深感自豪，因为这源于我们秉持着共同的价值观。我们主张共享这个世界，而非分裂它；我们主张共享全球经济，让发展红利惠及每一个人。我们坚信合作共赢，更将其付诸行动；我们期盼良性的全球关系，并为之不懈努力；我们捍卫促进和平与友谊的全球秩序，并愿为此共同奋斗。因此，每次站在中国朋友面前，我都会重申这些理念。这不仅因为我是一名政治家、一位前总统，更因为我发自内心地信仰它们——而我也深知，中国同样如此。

As president， I was very proud to build a generation-after-generation， a good relationship between China and Bulgaria。 And we should never forget， and we are very proud， that Bulgaria is the second country in the world to recognize People’s Republic of China。 This is something very special。 

作为总统，我致力于构建代代相传的中保友好关系，对此我深感自豪。我们永远不应忘记，保加利亚是世界上第二个承认中华人民共和国的国家，这一点具有特殊的意义。

As president， I traveled all over the world， at least 50 countries each year。 Today I am here， next week I will be in Boston， the week after I will be in London， then I will be in Slovenia， Croatia， Greece。 But wherever I am， whoever I talk to， it is for me， from my very belief， that we should stand up to peace， not just to peace， but to lasting peace。 You need to understand that we have different paths of leadership。 Today， I want to take this opportunity to tell you a bit more about the leadership of the future， and about how we can have， not just peace， but lasting peace in the planet。 

作为总统，我每年至少要走访50个国家。今天我站在这里，下周将前往波士顿，再下周是伦敦，随后还要接连访问斯洛文尼亚、克罗地亚、希腊。然而，无论我身在何处，无论对面坐着谁，我都在基于一个坚定的信念大声疾呼：我们要的，绝不仅仅是短暂的休战，而是持久的和平。诸位要知道，当今世界有着截然不同的领导风格。今天，我想借此机会，与大家探讨一下‘未来的领导力’——探讨我们究竟该如何在这个星球上，将‘持久和平’的愿景化为现实。

As president， I talked to almost all leaders in the world。 Let me share you some of my insights。 As president， it is not just to listen to the talking points of foreign ministers of one or another country。 Instead， I would judge politicians and leaders on a very simple fact。 I divided them into two categories。 All of them are strong enough， but not all of them are wise enough。 So I have always been wondering how strength and wisdom come together in order to better understand where countries and global affairs to go。 

作为总统，我曾与世界上几乎所有的主要领导人都进行过对话。今天，请允许我与诸位分享一点个人的洞察。在我看来，做总统绝不仅仅是听听外交部长递交的谈话要点那么简单。我审视其他政治人物和领导人，有一个非常质朴的标准：我将他们分为两类。我发现，这些人个个都表现得足够‘强硬’，但真正具备‘智慧’的却寥寥无几。因此，我始终在思考：强硬与智慧该如何完美交融？只有厘清这一点，我们才能真正看清国家乃至全球事务的未来走向。

What might be the same as working together with such strong leaders is that all of them would try their best to show their strength。 But I say to myself that they are not wise enough。 These leaders are claiming that they are working for peace。 However， how come can they pretend to promote peace if they just destroy the rules and regulations of the international order？ It is unimaginable indeed。 Dear young students and friends， my simple message to you is that a strong leadership could be a temporary tactical tool， but it can never be a strategic tool。 A wise leadership does not come from nowhere。 It builds on the legacy of generations， learns from diverse perspectives， and integrates the strength of many。 Only this wise leadership can move the wheels of history toward a brighter future。

与那些迷信强硬的领导人打交道，你会发现一个共通点：他们极尽所能地大秀肌肉，但我内心却很清楚，他们匮乏的是真正的智慧。他们口口声声说在为和平奔走，可一旦肆意践踏国际秩序与规则，又怎么可能换来真正的和平？这无异于痴人说梦。亲爱的青年学子们、朋友们，我想传递给你们一个朴素的道理：强硬的领导力，或许能作为一时的战术手腕，但绝不能当作长远的战略依托。真正的智慧型领导力，绝非无源之水，它需要代际传承的积淀，需要海纳百川地借鉴，需要凝聚各方的合力。唯有这种智慧，才能以生生不息的力量，推动历史的车轮驶向更加光明的未来。

Think about a family。 You are in a family， and the husband are constantly saying I am the best， I am the strongest， I am the wisest， and everybody should not against me at all。 

试想一个家庭。你身处一个家庭之中，丈夫不断宣称自己最为优秀、最为强大、最为明智，且所有人都绝不能违抗他的意志。

Think about the manager in a company。 The worst manager of a company， believe me because I was a manager of a company too， I was hiding thousands of people。 The worst manager is the one that is constantly telling you that I am the best。 He is always talking， he is always giving interviews， he is always ignoring all others’ opposite opinions。 It is a clear way that you produce people around you with no opinion。 We call them “Yes Man”。 So this is a recipe for catastrophe。 The opposite is the good management。 

试想一位公司管理者。请诸位相信我的判断，因为我本人也曾担任公司管理者，管理过数千名员工。最糟糕的管理者，便是那种不断向周围人宣称自己最为优秀的人。他始终在滔滔不绝地发表见解，始终在接收各类访谈，始终忽视所有他人提出的反对意见。这种领导方式必然会使其身边之人丧失独立见解，沦为只会唯命是从的附庸。我们称此类人为“应声虫”。这无疑是一场灾难的配方，而其反面才堪称优良的管理。

But a good leader will tell you that all of you are important。 A good leader will integrate because it is a major way of success。 A good leader will listen to you， he will not impose， he will give the freedom to take wrong decisions， but he will share with you the lesson learned， he will share with you the wisdom coming out of the generations。 And this is exactly what China is doing at the international stage today， and Bulgaria too。 

然而，优秀的领导者会向你们表明，每一位成员都至关重要。优秀的领导者善于凝聚团队，因为这是通向成功的主要路径。优秀的领导者会倾听你们的意见，而非将其意志强加于人。优秀的领导者会赋予你们做出错误决策的自由，但同时也会与你们共同分享从中汲取的教训。优秀的领导者会将代代相传的智慧传递给你们。而这正是当今中国在国际舞台上所践行之道，保加利亚亦复如是。

The European Union， Europe the same， is mostly created for peace。 Because peace is possible when every country is important。 Peace is possible when the consensus is a means to get decisions。 That is our European Union。 It is possible that Bulgaria can veto any decision of Germany。 Germany is very big， Bulgaria is not that big。 But I can veto any decisions of Germany because Bulgaria is important。 That is only way to get not just peace， but a lasting peace。 Every country is important， should not be bombed， should not be destroyed， should not be tariffed， should not be attacked。 Every country has to stick to the rules and regulations of peace and it has to contribute to global consensus， and then we probably come to build up the rules that cannot be destroyed。 

欧盟，乃至整个欧洲，其创立的根本宗旨在于实现和平。因为只有当每个国家都同等重要时，和平才成为可能。只有当共识成为决策的基石时，和平才成为可能。这便是我们的欧盟。在欧盟，保加利亚可以否决德国的任何一项决策。德国疆域辽阔，保加利亚则体量较小。然而，保加利亚之所以能够否决德国的决策，恰恰因为保加利亚同等重要。这是实现持久和平而非权宜和平的唯一途径。每个国家都至关重要，不应遭受轰炸，不应遭受摧毁，不应遭受关税惩罚，不应遭受武力攻击。每个国家都必须恪守维护和平的规则与法规，并致力于促成全球共识，唯有如此，我们才有可能构建起不可撼动的国际规则体系。

This is also exactly what Chinese do at the international stage。 Every country is important， every country needs to get a win-win cooperation， every country needs to contribute to peace。 We are grateful of China about its very nature of its foreign policy it conducts together with the European Union。 The same for the tariffs。 In the long term， they never work。 Just go back to history when Japan was very successful， the United States was imposing tariffs on Japan’s sale used to preserve its own competitiveness。 What happened？ You used the tariff to destroy your own competitiveness。 You can destroy the both sides， but it is not wise to do so。 

这也正是中国在国际舞台上的所作所为。每个国家都至关重要，每个国家都需要实现合作共赢，每个国家都需要为和平贡献力量。我们感激中国在与欧盟共同推行的外交政策中所展现的根本特质。关税问题亦然。从长远来看，关税手段从未奏效。只需回溯历史：当日本取得成功之时，美国曾对日本出口商品加征关税，试图以此维护自身的竞争力。结果如何？美国以关税手段摧毁了自身的竞争力。关税固然可以损及双方，但如此行事并不明智。

So dear young people， we understand how important it is to get peace， we know that peace is possible only with the rules and institutions that guarantee it。 It is about foreign policies and principles。 Here I saw today that you have the very core of that principle in our university， in my university now， because you see our motto is about integration and integrity。 These are two amazing tools you can use in the future to be awesome。 Seek your morals but also integrate values。 

因此，亲爱的年轻朋友们，我们深知实现和平何其重要，我们明白和平唯有在保障其实现的规则与制度框架下才有可能达成。这关乎外交政策与根本原则。今日我在此地看到，你们大学——如今亦成为我的大学——其精神内核正是这些原则的体现，因为你们的校训关乎融合与诚信。这是两种非凡的工具，你们在未来可借此成就卓越。请追寻你们的道德准则，同时亦需融合多元价值。

As president， I was very proud to support vocational training and vocational education in my country。 More importantly， I am really proud to be here today because you represent the top university in China in vocational education。 I was the president who introduced the vocational education into my country。 The future of education to me is something very simple。 I would call it a T-shaped education。 Why is T？ Because you need to have a very broad understanding and skill， you need to learn all of your lifetime， you need to improve all of your lifetime。 But on the other side， in order to succeed， you need to dive deep into， to be very professional in something。 This is exactly the vocational training。 It will give you a very broad base， and it will help you to succeed in something that you most want to work and understand。 

作为总统，我曾为本国的职业培训与职业教育事业深感自豪。更重要的是，今日我倍感荣幸地来到此地，因为山东外事职业大学是代表了中国职业教育的杰出大学。我正是将职业教育体系引入我国的总统。对我而言，教育的未来是一个极为简洁的理念。我愿将其称为T型教育。缘何称之为T型？因为你们需要具备广博的知识与技能，需要终身学习，终身精进。另一方面，为了取得成功，你们需要在某一领域深入钻研，成为该领域的专家。这正是职业教育的本质所在。它将赋予你们广阔的知识根基，并助力你们在自己最渴望从事与领悟的领域中取得成功。

As I look here， modern buildings， and the wonderful conditions that you have here to work， to train and to study， I know that you are in the best possible place。 Of course， I am very happy to work to establish the cooperation between Shandong Vocational University of Foreign Affairs and Bulgarian universities， and we can make progress together。 Because the course to you to be successful， makes a means to me thinking who are we。 We need to be together to succeed at different aspects。 We need to be able to understand different cultures。 So diversity is built in this side of China。 I am so proud so say that the same is in my country。 My message to you is very simple。 We will come together and move towards a better world together with wisdom。 That wisdom is also from the statue of Confucius， as you saw。 This is something we should never forget。 The morals， the values， the principles， we should build them， we should not destroy them。 

环顾四周，我目睹了校园内的现代化建筑以及诸位在此工作、培训和学习所拥有的优越条件，我深知你们正处于最为理想的环境之中。当然，我亦十分乐于致力于推动山东外事职业大学与保加利亚各大学之间的合作，使我们能够共同取得进步。因为你们走向成功的道路，也促使我反思我们究竟是谁。我们需要团结一致，在不同维度上取得成就。我们需要具备理解不同文化的能力。多样性植根于中国的这片土地，我亦倍感自豪地说，多样性也植根于保加利亚。我带给诸位的讯息极为简洁：我们将携起手来，以智慧共同迈向一个更加美好的世界。这种智慧同样源于诸位所见的竖立在不远处的孔子雕像。这是我们永远不应遗忘的。道德、价值观、原则，我们应当建设它们，而非摧毁它们。

So dear friends， you are leaders of the future。 I am very proud to be your professor， to be with you。 On the way in front us， may we have integrity， integrate the others and all succeed。 And I hope that you can be better。 Thank you。 

因此，亲爱的朋友们，你们是未来的领导者。能成为你们的教授，我深感自豪与你们同在。在我们前行的道路上，愿我们秉持诚信，融合他人，共同走向成功。我期望你们能够更加卓越。谢谢。